Publications

CamNtech Research Library

CamNtech products have been trusted by specialist researchers for over 25 years.

Our research library contains peer reviewed publications citing the use of our devices.

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Found 83 Results

Nocturnality and activity budgets of owl monkeys in tropical ecosystems

The subtropical populations of owl monkeys (Aotus) and some lemurs have flexible patterns that include activity during both day and night. Early studies on the activity patterns of tropical owl monkeys in seminatural conditions evidenced their nocturnal behavior and a strong influence of moonlight on their activity. In this chapter, we review previous and ongoing […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: September 14, 2023


Induction of Anxiety-Like Phenotypes by Knockdown of Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors in the Amygdala of Marmosets

The amygdala is an important hub for regulating emotions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotions and mainly functions through the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), which is strongly expressed in the amygdala of non-human primates (NHPs). […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: June 27, 2023


Physiological and behavioural effects of intermittent fasting vs daily caloric restriction in meat-type poultry

Intermittent fasting (IF) is the practice of temporal food restriction to promote metabolic switching between a glucose- and a ketone-based metabolism, which has been reported to come with diverse health benefits. IF practices appear to confer many of the advantages of caloric restriction without restricting total energy intake, and studies in both rodents and humans […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: May 30, 2023


The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of The Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and it’s Circadian Outputs

The Earth is in constant movement around the Sun – this has created environments with changing light throughout the day and year. Through evolution animals have adapted to this change in light and circadian and circannual rhythms have evolved to enhance fitness and survival. Animals living in the Arctic region have a different relationship to […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: May 14, 2023


Are infrared thermography, feeding behavior, and heart rate variability measures capable of characterizing group-housed sow social hierarchies?

Group gestation housing is quickly becoming standard practice in commercial swine production. However, poor performance and welfare in group housed sows may result from the formation and maintenance of the social hierarchy within the pen. In the future, the ability to quickly characterize the social hierarchy via precision technologies could be beneficial to producers for […]

Related Product: Actiheart

Publication Date: May 9, 2023


Neurobehavioral Consequences of Early-Life Wildfire Smoke Exposure

Rationale: Wildfire smoke is recognized by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a major source of particulate matter under 2.5 microns diameter (PM2.5 ) emissions which is expected to increase in the future because of climate change. There is an abundance of epidemiologic and mechanistic data supporting the link between poor air quality and respiratory […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: May 1, 2023


Suckling lamb presence influences the daily rhythm of total locomotor activity in grazing Pampinta dairy ewes

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different reproductive stages and livestock management conditions on the pattern of the daily rhythm of total locomotor activity in Pampinta dairy ewes. We recorded 24 hour(h)/day of total locomotor activity in 10 Pampinta dairy ewes during 2 different stages of 60 days each: in […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: January 16, 2023


Real-Time Measurement of the Daily Total Locomotor Behavior in Calves Reared in an Intensive Management System for the Possible Application in Precision Livestock Farming

Intensive farm conditions have an impact on welfare and can reduce the locomotor behavior of calves. The Actiwatch-Mini® (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd., Cambridg, UK), an actigraphy-based data logger was used to record the total locomotor behavior of 30-day-old calves, which showed diurnal daily rhythmicity. An individual daily rhythm of total locomotor behavior has also been found […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: January 1, 2023


Effect of a High Estrogen Level in Early Pregnancy on the Development and Behavior of Marmoset Offspring

The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has risen steadily worldwide over the past 3 decades and helps many infertile families. However, ART treatments lead to an abnormal internal environment in the uterus, which may increase the risks of health problems for the offspring. Higher maternal estradiol (E2) is a notable feature in women who […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: October 4, 2022


The housing system influences daily total locomotor activity (TLA) in dairy cows

The daily pattern of total locomotor activity (TLA) of cattle kept in different housing conditions was investigated in order to evaluate whether TLA could be used as a useful index of animal welfare. Twenty Modicana cattle were divided into two equal groups: Group A, housed in a grazing area of 5 hectare, and Group B, […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: July 6, 2022


Evaluation of locomotor activity in female Chelonoidis chilensis (Testudinidae, Gray 1870) in response to artificial photoperiod and temperature treatments

Turtles as many other reptiles are capable of orientating their bodies toward the sun. This conduct requires the presence of an internal biological chronometer in the organism that regulates this behavior. Thus, a description of the internal clock in these reptiles is of interest. The assessment of locomotor activity can be considered a reliable indicator […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: June 29, 2022


Influence of Moon Luminosity, Seasonality, Sex and Weather Conditions on the Activity Levels of the Nocturnal Javan Slow Loris

The activity patterns of mammals depend on environmental changes (e.g., moon luminosity, food availability, weather) and endogenous rhythms. Behavioral observations are traditionally used to estimate the activity patterns of animals, but low visibility and the cryptic nature of some species entail that, in certain conditions, the animal is visible only for around 60% of the […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: June 27, 2022


Simultaneous recording of subcutaneous temperature and total locomotor activity in Bos-Taurus and Bos-Indicus raised in subtropical region of Argentina

In this study, total locomotor activity and subcutaneous temperature was evaluated in 18 clinically healthy females’ cows. All cows were divided in 3 groups: group A1 was constituted by 6 Holstein Bos-taurus, group A2 by 6 Herford females’ cows Bos-Taurus and group B was constituted by 6 females Bradford Bos-indicus cows. Data recording of total […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: June 13, 2022


The activity patterns of nonworking and working sled dogs

There are limited studies investigating the combined effects of biological, environmental, and human factors on the activity of the domestic dog. Sled dogs offer a unique opportunity to examine these factors due to their close relationship with handlers and exposure to the outdoors. Here, we used accelerometers to measure the activity of 52 sled dogs […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: May 14, 2022


Aromatase Inhibition Eliminates Sexual Receptivity Without Enhancing Weight Gain in Ovariectomized Marmoset Monkeys

Context Ovarian estradiol supports female sexual behavior and metabolic function. While ovariectomy (OVX) in rodents abolishes sexual behavior and enables obesity, OVX in nonhuman primates decreases, but does not abolish, sexual behavior, and inconsistently alters weight gain. Objective We hypothesize that extra-ovarian estradiol provides key support for both functions, and to test this idea, we […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: April 22, 2022


Role of light/dark schedules on daily pattern of total locomotor activity in wild and domestic felids

Circadian rhythms of the physiological and behavioral variability are an inherent property of mammals, and closely related to environmental factors. Light is the best-known environmental entrainment of the circadian pacemaker. The aim of the present study was to investigate the light/dark (L/D) cycle role on the entrainment of the total locomotor activity daily rhythm recorded […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: March 4, 2022


Amplitude of the daily pattern of rest–activity in different species of Leopardus kept in captivity

Closer examination of the diurnal or nocturnal nature of wildlife species improves the knowledge necessary for landscape identity and biodiversity preservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the daily rhythmicity of total locomotor activity in wild felids of several species of Leopardus of similar body weight housed in captivity: Geoffroy’s cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: February 8, 2022


Dopamine D3 Receptor Ligand Suppresses the Expression of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multisystem, chronic and so far incurable disease with significant unmet medical needs. The incidence of PD increases with aging and the expected burden will continue to escalate with our aging population. Since its discovery in the 1961 levodopa remains the gold standard pharmacotherapy for PD. However, the progressive nature […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: August 11, 2021


Use of the Polar V800 and Actiheart 5 heart rate monitors for the assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) in horses

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a commonly used metric in animal science to quantify an aspect of the physiological response to stressors. HRV analysis relies upon accurate detection of the electrical activity of the heart to define inter-beat interval (IBI). In horses, this can be problematic due to specific features of the equine ECG waveform […]

Related Product: Actiheart

Publication Date: July 19, 2021


Gibbon sleep quantified: the influence of lunar phase and meteorological variables on activity in Hylobates moloch and Hylobates pileatus

Sleep in the primate order remains understudied, with quantitative estimates of sleep duration available for less than 10% of primate species. Even fewer species have had their sleep synchronously quantified with meteorological data, which have been shown to influence sleep–wake regulatory behaviors. We report the first sleep duration estimates in two captive gibbon species, the […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: May 30, 2021


Clock genes determination in whole blood in goats housed under a long light cycle

An innate 24 h circadian clock drives various behavioral processes via expression of clock genes that regulate circadian rhythmicity and temporal signals. Elucidating the gene expression in goats may contribute to improving the knowledge of the regulation of circadian rhythms in this species. Five nonpregnant and nonlactating Maltese goats with no evidence of disease were […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: May 15, 2021


Lunar periodic modulation of the circadian activity rhythm in a wild North Colombian night monkey (Aotus griseimembra)

South American night monkeys (genus Aotus) are the only nocturnal simian primates. Early activity recordings in North Colombian A. griseimembra monkeys kept under semi-natural conditions and extensive chronobiological studies carried out in laboratory settings revealed a strictly nocturnal behavior and strong activity enhancing (disinhibiting) effects of moonlight or corresponding luminosities during the dark time. To […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: March 28, 2021


Interspecies comparison of daily total locomotor activity between maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) maintained in captivity

The aim of the study was to extend the knowledge about to the total locomotor activity behavior in maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) through the comparison with domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Five maned wolves housed individually in 4 m2 dens with nest boxes, and runs allowing them to move in outdoors area of 250 m2 with […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: March 18, 2021


Evaluation of the patterns of daily total locomotor activity in maned wolf (Chryosocyon brachyurus) maintained in captivity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the daily total locomotor activity in captive Chrysocyon brachyurus. Three maned wolves were housed individually under natural light–dark cycle and environmental conditions. In each animal, locomotor activity was monitoored for 30 days by means of an activity data logger (Actiwatch Cambridge©Neurotechnology, Cambridge, UK), applied on a neck […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: March 16, 2021


Pharmacokinetics And Clinical Effects Of A Single Oral Dose Of Trazodone In The Domestic Goat (Capra Hircus) As A Model For Wild Ruminants

Trazodone is an antianxiety medication commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. Stress-related trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in wild ruminant species. Trazodone could reduce stress and allow safer capture and handling, thus having a positive effect on their welfare. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical effects […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: January 12, 2021


Use of the Actiwatch-Mini® in dog safety studies as an early indicator for drug-induced behavioural changes

Introduction Clinical observations are routinely used to address drug-induced behavioural changes in dogs. To deal with the limitations of this methodology, we evaluated Actiwatch-Mini® as a tool to monitor continuously locomotor activity in dogs and to provide objective parameters that could be linked to behavioural changes after compound administration. Methods Eight Beagles were equipped with […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: June 26, 2020


Age-related cognitive decline in baboons: modeling the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

The aging of brain cells and synaptic loss are the major underlying pathophysiological processes contributing to the progressive decline in cognitive functions and Alzheimer’s disease. The difference in cognitive performances observed between adult and aged subjects across species highlights the decline of brain systems with age. The inflection point in age-related cognitive decline is important […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: May 19, 2020


Behavioral and physiological processes in horses and their linkage with peripheral clock gene expression: A preliminary study

Behavioral and physiological processes have an innate 24-h cycle driven by the circadian master clock, which uses clock genes to generate rhythmicity and distribute temporal signals. Elucidating the blood gene expression in relation to the better known circadian rhythms in horses may contribute to improve the knowledge on the peripheral circadian rhythm control in this […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: August 30, 2019


Eulerian videography technology improves classification of sleep architecture in primates

Sleep is a critically important dimension of primate behavior, ecology, and evolution, yet primate sleep is under-studied because current methods of analyzing sleep are expensive, invasive, and time-consuming. In contrast to electroencephalography (EEG) and actigraphy, videography is a cost-effective and non-invasive method to study sleep architecture in animals. With video data, however, it is challenging […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: August 27, 2019


Differences in dietary niche and foraging behavior of sympatric mule and white‐tailed deer

Mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are congeneric and share similar life histories, yet their distribution is segregated across much of North America. Extensive research on both species within and outside their zone of co‐occurrence has not fully explained these distribution patterns, especially the potential role of diet and foraging behavior. Therefore, we […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: July 23, 2019


Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Among primates, the suborder Haplorhini is considered to have evolved a consolidated monophasic sleep pattern, with diurnal species requiring a shorter sleep duration than nocturnal species. Only a few primate species have been systematically studied in their natural habitat where environmental variables, including temperature and light, have a major influence on sleep and activity patterns. […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: July 9, 2019


Sleep influences cognitive performance in lemurs

Primates spend almost half their lives asleep, yet little is known about how sleep influences their waking cognition. We hypothesized that diurnal and cathemeral lemurs differ in their need for consistent, non-segmented sleep for next-day cognitive function—including long-term memory consolidation, self-control, foraging efficiency, and sociality. Specifically, we expected that strictly diurnal Propithecus is more reliant […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: May 1, 2019


Cross-sectional comparison of health-span phenotypes in young versus geriatric marmosets.

The development of the marmoset as a translational model for healthspan and lifespan studies relies on the characterization of health parameters in young and geriatric marmosets. This cross-sectional study examined health phenotypes in marmosets for five domains of interest for human health and aging: mobility, cognition, metabolism, homeostasis, and immune function. Geriatric marmosets were found […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: January 21, 2019


Determination of the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity level of domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity of domestic pigeons (Columba livia). ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult male domestic pigeons. PROCEDURES: During the first of 3 experiments, birds received orally administered trazodone at doses ranging from 3 to 30 mg/kg to determine the dose for […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: January 1, 2019


Chronobiology of voluntary food intake in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

n all organisms, biological rhythms arise from the interaction between endogenous clocks and a rhythmic environment. The timing of sunrise and sunset synchronize internal timing processes and inform the organism not only of the time of day, but also of the time of year. For animals living in polar regions biological timekeeping represents a challenge, […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: November 15, 2018


Circadian rhythms of melatonin and behaviour in juvenile sheep in field conditions: Effects of photoperiod, environment and weaning

Entrainment of circadian rhythms (CR) to the light dark cycle has been well described under controlled, experimental conditions. However, studies in rodents have reported that rhythms in the laboratory are not always reproduced under field conditions. The aim of this study was to characterise the CR of sheep maintained under conditions of standard UK farm […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: October 1, 2018


Charting the onset of Parkinson-like motor and non-motor symptoms in nonhuman primate model of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease increasingly affecting our aging population. Remarkable advances have been made in developing novel therapies to control symptoms, halt or cure the disease, ranging from physiotherapy and small molecules to cell and gene therapy. This progress was enabled by the existence of reliable animal models. The nonhuman primate model […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: August 23, 2018


Ovarian estradiol supports sexual behavior but not energy homeostasis in female marmoset monkeys

Objective In adult female rodents, ovarian estradiol (E2) regulates body weight, adiposity, energy balance, physical activity, glucose-insulin homeodynamics, and lipid metabolism, while protecting against diet-induced obesity. The same E2 actions are presumed to occur in primates, but confirmatory studies have been lacking. Methods We investigated the consequences of ovariectomy (OVX) and E2 replacement in female […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: July 18, 2018


The cost of deep sleep: Environmental influences on sleep regulation are greater for diurnal lemurs

Objectives Primates spend almost half their lives asleep, yet we know little about how evolution has shaped variation in the duration or intensity of sleep (i.e., sleep regulation) across primate species. Our objective was to test hypotheses related to how sleeping site security influences sleep intensity in different lemur species. Methods We used actigraphy and […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: July 10, 2018


The quest for welfare-friendly feeding of broiler breeders: effects of daily vs. 5: 2 feed restriction schedules

Restricted feeding of broiler breeders is required for improved long-term health and welfare. Because feeding frustration and hunger are major welfare concerns during rearing, many suggestions have been made to decrease the negative feelings of hunger while maintaining suitable growth rates and reproductive health. Non-daily (“skip-a-day”) feeding schedules are commonly used around the world to […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: December 7, 2017


Activity patterns in seven captive lemur species: Evidence of cathemerality in Varecia and Lemur catta?

Cathemerality, or activity throughout the 24‐hr cycle, is rare in primates yet relatively common among lemurs. However, the diverse ecological conditions under which cathemerality is expressed complicates attempts to identify species‐typical behavior. For example, Lemur catta and Varecia have historically been described as diurnal, yet recent studies suggest that they might exhibit cathemeral behavior under […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: March 3, 2017


Effects of 20-day litter weight on weaned piglets’ fighting behavior after group mixing and on heart rate variability in an isolation test.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 20-day litter weight on behavior and heart rate variability (HRV) of piglets under stress. Methods Forty four original litters were categorized as high litter weight (HW) litters (n = 22) and low litter weight (LW) litters (n = 22) by 20-day litter weight. […]

Related Product: Actiheart

Publication Date: February 1, 2017


The seasonal feeding ecology of the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus)

Objectives To describe the strategy employed by exudativorous primates during seasonal shifts in food abundance using the Javan slow loris as a model. Males and females may cope differently as well as exploit fallback foods in different proportions. Materials and methods Observing 15 free ranging Javan slow lorises over a year, we quantified their seasonal […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: January 24, 2017


Eye and ear temperature using infrared thermography are related to rectal temperature in dogs at rest or with exercise

Rectal body temperature (BT) has been documented in exercising dogs to monitor thermoregulation, heat stress risk, and performance during physical activity. Eye (BTeye) and ear (BTear) temperature measured with infrared thermography (IRT) were compared to rectal (BTrec) temperature as the reference method and assess alternative sites to track hyperthermia, possibly to establish BTeye IRT as […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: December 19, 2016


VX toxicity in the Göttingen minipig.

The present experiments determined the intramuscular LD50 of VX in male Göttingen minipigs at two stages of development. In pubertal animals (115 days old), the LD50 of VX was indeterminate, but approximated 33.3 μg/kg. However, in sexually mature animals (152 days old), the LD50 was estimated to be only 17.4 μg/kg. Signs of nerve agent toxicity in […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: December 15, 2016


Higher fear of predators does not decrease outdoor range use in free-range Rowan Ranger broiler chickens

Organic chicken production is currently experiencing a boom in Sweden, but has only recently gained access to a commercial slow-growing broiler strain, the Rowan Ranger. While these chickens are reported to grow at rates better suited to organic production than previously available strains, anecdotal evidence suggested increased fearfulness in this strain and concerns were raised […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: June 23, 2016


The Rowan Ranger Chicken Breed-a Suitable Alternative for the Organic Chicken Meat Industry

The only available broiler strain to use in organic chicken meat production, until recently, has been conventional fast growing broiler hybrids. The Rowan Ranger is a broiler strain that has a naturally slower growth rate which makes this strain suitable for organic farming, meeting the demands of KRAV without being subjected to a feed restriction. […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: June 14, 2016


Physiological stress and behavioural differences in broiler breeder hens subjected to daily and 5: 2 feed restriction regimens

Feed restriction in the parental stock of meat producing chickens, broiler breeders, is essential in order to decrease the high growth rate that they are genetically selected for. The feed restriction does however lead to chronic hunger and stress. Stress can be measured by counting H/L ratios and the method of manually counting H/L ratios […]

Related Product: MotionWatch

Publication Date: June 9, 2016


Intrasubject and intersubject variabilities in the daily rhythm of total locomotor activity in horses

The observation of locomotor activity and resting behavior is used to determine time budgets, which may give some indication for the assessment of horses’ welfare concerning management and housing. The aim of this study was to investigate total locomotor activity (TLA) daily rhythm in athletic horses (Thoroughbred, Standardbred, and Italian Saddle), with special attention to […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: February 13, 2016


Causal link of total locomotor activity, melatonin and rectal temperature daily rhythm in small ruminants

To improve the knowledge in chronophysiology we investigated the causal link between the most important physiological variable studied until now; ten Sarda ewes and ten Sarda goats, pluriparus not pregnant and no lactating, were used. Animals were housed under natural environmental conditions in a common stall, alfalfa hay and water were available ad libitum. Each […]

Related Product: Actiwatch Mini

Publication Date: February 7, 2016


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